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TYPES OF DIABETES

Sugarfree and Diabetic Recipes

( Adult Onset Diabetes, Juvenile Diabetes, Insulin Dependent Diabetes, IDDM, Type I Diabetes, Type II Diabetes, NIDDM, Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes )

Summary

Diabetes There are two types of diabetes: Type I and Type II. Type I is thought to be caused by an environmental factor, such as a viral infection, that causes the immune system to attack itself. As a result, the body destroys over 90 percent of its own insulin-producing (beta) cells in the pancreas (books). Much more common, Type II diabetes has been linked to obesity — a condition in which someone weighs more than 20 percent of their ideal weight.

Treatment for Type I currently requires insulin injections, although other strategies for taking insulin (books) are currently being researched (e.g., nasal spray or skin patch). Type II requires medication and sometimes insulin injections. Both types require lifestyle changes that include diet and exercise.

What is Type I diabetes?

Type I diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes. It refers to a condition in which little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas (an organ next to the stomach). This is a rare and severe form of diabetes. It affects about 5 to 10 percent of all diabetics and develops before the age of 30. It is thought to be caused by an environmental factor, such as a viral infection, that causes the immune system to attack itself. As a result, the body destroys over 90 percent of its own insulin-producing (beta) cells in the pancreas.

What is the treatment for Type I diabetes?

Type I patients must administer daily injections to maintain adequate glucose levels. Diet and exercise must also be carefully coordinated with insulin injections. Insulin is generally injected by the patient (or by a child patient’s parent) under the fat layer of the arm, leg or stomach. Because the bodies of Type I patients would destroy insulin if it were part of the normal digestive process, insulin must be injected and not taken by mouth. New forms of insulin include nasal sprays, external and implantable pumps and methods that are transdermal (through the skin, usually in the form of a patch). These new forms are still considered experimental and are currently being tested for safety and effectiveness.

What is Type II diabetes?

Type II diabetes is a far more common condition, affecting about 90 to 95 percent of all cases. Patients with Type II diabetes do manufacture insulin, sometimes even more so than necessary, but for some reason their bodies reject and/or do not detect it, resulting in what the body perceives as a deficiency. This insulin blockage is due to cell abnormalities of unknown cause in the liver and muscles. The onset of this type of diabetes, also called adult-onset diabetes, usually occurs after age 30. The likelihood of onset increases with age; 15 percent of people over 70 have Type II diabetes. Blood glucose levels are usually more stable in these patients. Obesity seems to play a large role in the development of Type II diabetes; up to 90 percent of these patients are obese. Also, both Type II diabetes and obesity tend to run in families.

What is the treatment for Type II diabetes?

People with Type II diabetes are often treated with medication. Depending on the severity of the condition, they may be able to take oral medications instead of injections. However, some insulin injection may still be used. Insulin is generally injected by the patient (or a child patient’s parent) under the fat layer of the arm, leg or stomach.

What lifestyle changes are important for both all diabetics?

In addition to keeping insulin levels within the normal range, making some lifestyle changes can help diabetics to avoid long-term consequences such as heart attack and stroke. These include the following: Diabetic Food Pyramid